Molten salts are being employed throughout the world as heat transfer fluids and phase change materials for concentrated solar power csp production and storage. Molten salt thermophysical properties database development. Using molten salts as a heat transfer fluid and thermal. Projection of molten salt performance in thermal storage systems, whether based on sensible heat or latent heat, is highly dependent on the predictions of thermophysical properties. Their temperature varies from 290 to 550 c when the solar field is operating. Molten salt thermal energy storage materials for solar. Properties and heat transfer coefficients of four molten. Other systems may use molten salts for preheating natural gas lines or keeping reactors hot by using the. The aim of this contribution is to present the batteryrelevant properties and functionality of. Solar salt consisting of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate was utilized as the base material for the nanofluids. Material properties were validated by using experimental techniques including dsc, tga and other characterization techniques. This allows the htf to be used in applications in which the expensive parasitic energy costs necessary for freeze protection can be significantly reduced.
There is no compelling economic advantage to using molten salt in a trough solar field for a system without thermal storage there appears to be significant economic advantages for a molten salt htf with storage. Preliminary estimates on reductions in lec from the reference vp1. The salt can freeze and block the pipeline during winter evenings. Characterization of corrosion resistance of ccsic composite. Comparison of molten salt and highpressure helium for the. To achieve this, a numerical model of the steadystate heat transfer in the current sg4 receiver has been developed. Several molten salt heat transfer fluids have been used for solar thermal systems.
Influence of preparation processes on thermophysical. Molten nitrate salt development for thermal energy storage in. An evaluation was carried out to investigate the feasibility of utilizing a molten salt as the heat transfer fluid htf and for thermal storage in a parabolic trough solar field to improve system performance and to reduce the levelized electricity cost. In order to make data comparison more convenient and improve the effectiveness of scientific research communication, reasons for the data discrepancy were studied. Overview on use of a molten salt htf in a trough solar. Pdf properties and heat transfer coefficients of four. This takes advantage of minimizing the risk of freezeup and also utilizing the salts excellent heat transfer properties. Nitrate salts decompose above 600620c chlorides and carbonates are good candidates. Nava flabeg solar international 7 muhlengasse strasse, 58070 koln, germany b.
Molten salt as heat transfer fluid for a 500 m2 dish. It is part of the mars project minor actinide recycling in molten salt involving riar, kurchatov and other research organisations. Jul 22, 2011 current molten salt heat transfer fluid and thermal storage media are a mixture of 60% nano 3 and 40% kno 3. Prepared and characterized inorganic ternary molten salt based nanothermic fluids. Effect of chloride content of molten nitrate salt on corrosion of a516 carbon steel robert w. Lower melting point compared to current salts molten salt is salt which is solid at standard temperature and pressure but enters the liquid phase due to elevated temperature. The purpose of this study is to develop measuring methods for the thermal diffusivity, the specific heat capacity, and the density of molten salts, as well as to measure these properties of mixtures of alkaline carbonate salts. Thermal storage properties of molten nitrate saltbased.
Thermostatic properties of nitrate molten salts and their. Mos 2 and cuo nanoparticles incorporated ternary molten salts have been prepared thermal properties enhanced by the addition of mos 2 and cuo nanoparticles the amount of. Grenoble alpes, cnrs, grenoble inp, lpsc msr summer school, july 24, 2017, lecco como lake, italy. Miles clift prepared by sandia national laboratories albuquerque, new mexico 87185 and livermore, california 94550 sandia national laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by sandia. The required fluid properties include specific volume, v m3kg.
The growing interest in energy applications of molten salts is justi. The nitrate based molten salt that has been use in this study consists of binary, ternary and quaternary salt mixture with different weight composition. Engineering aspects of a molten salt heat transfer fluid in a. The test results of tensile strength of two nickelbased alloys exposed in the molten salt at a temperature of 800 c from 1week length to 16week length are reported. Properties and heat transfer coefficients of four molten salt high temperature heat transfer fluid candidates for concentrating solar power plants. With salt, it may be possible to raise the solar field output temperature to 450500 c, thereby increasing the rankine cycle efficiency of the power block steam turbine to the 40% range. Published under licence by iop publishing ltd iop conference series.
Implementation of molten salt properties into relap5 3d. Dec 12, 2018 russias molten salt actinide recycler and transmuter mosart is a fast reactor fuelled only by transuranic tru fluorides from uranium and mox lwr used fuel. Properties and heat transfer coefficients of four moltensalt. Implementation of molten salt properties into relap5 3dathena. Sandia has developed a heat transfer fluid htf for use at elevated temperatures that has a lower freezing point than any molten salt mixture available commercially. Many researchers are using simulation techniques, such as computational fluid dy. Molten nitrate salt development for thermal energy storage. Energy storage for concentrating solar power generation. The main disadvantage of this salt mixture is the high melting point. Research efforts have to be continued both for existing processes and for future developments. Fluid fueled reactors ffrs documents aka molten salt. Current molten salt heat transfer fluid and thermal storage media are a mixture of 60% nano 3 and 40% kno 3. Oct 26, 2016 the synthetic fluid flows through the receiver tubing and transfers the heat into the molten salt storage tanks. A salt that is normally liquid even at standard temperature and pressure is usually called a room temperature ionic liquid, although technically molten salts are a class of ionic liquids.
The ultimate goal of the thermophysical properties database activity is to develop a stateoftheart information tool that provides the fuelcoolant salt properties needed to model msr performance as a function of temperature, pressure and salt composition. The use of molten salt heat transfer fluid htf in a trough plant has several obvious advantages. Correlations of the measured properties as functions of molten salt temperatures are presented for industrial applications. In order to design large production facilities, accurate physical and thermodynamic properties of molten salts must be known. Thermophysical property estimations of molten salts. Their possibilities of usage as a coolant, heat transfer. Uri gat, who introduced me to molten salt reactors in 1993 and dr. Dynamic modeling and transient analysis of a molten salt. Molten salts are very promising fluids for their various properties. Therefore, this study also examines the design quaternary mixture of molten nitrate innovative, with the goal of. Concept of european molten salt fast reactor msfr prof elsa merle cnrsin2p3lpsc grenoble institute of technology uga france may 23, 2017 with the support of the national needs program and the in2p3 institute of cnrs, of uga and grenoble institute of technology, and of the evol and samofar euratom projects. Experimental test of properties of kclmgcl2 eutectic molten.
Molten salt thermal energy storage materials for solar power. Comparison of molten salt and highpressure helium for the ngnp intermediate heat transfer fluid per f. The synthetic fluid flows through the receiver tubing and transfers the heat into the molten salt storage tanks. Molten salt has been widely studied as a heat storage material, but some properties of molten salt reported in different literature studies are not completely consistent. Technology pathway molten salt us department of energy. Ms as a heat transfer fluid htf in the sg4 receiver. Grimes and stanley cantor abstract the blanket of a fusion reactor serves to absorb and trans fer the energy of the fusion reaction products, and to produce the tritium necessary to refuel the reactor.
Fluid fluorides and chlorides reactor research and development on molten salt reactors msrs papers, books, and reports. Engineering database of liquid salt thermophysical and thermochemical properties 1. Homogeneous dispersion of gnps within the solar salt was observed through scanning electron. The eutectic mixture of mgcl2kcl molten salt is a high temperature heat transfer and thermal storage fluid able to be used at temperatures up to 800 c in concentrating solar thermal power systems. The physical properties of molten salt ms compared to water suggest marked differences in the heat flux transfer that can be achieved for a given receiver design. Molten salts as blanket fluids in controlled fusion reactors. The fluid thermodynamic properties are calculated by nist refprop.
Ralph moir, who continues to help and encourage me and many other pilgrims, in our molten salt adventures journey. The sample salt is poured into a thin container, and as a result, a threelayered cell is formed. Optical and chemical properties of molten salt mixtures for. The energy storage density of new tes molten salts identified are well above the current solar salt. High temperature molten salt loop schematic with potential surface and fluid temperatures. Challenges related to the use of liquid metal and molten. In addition, the chemical stability and material compatibility of molten salt mixtures including nitratenitrite, chloride and carbonate salt mixtures with common materials of interests were assessed partially through dedicated material compatibility tests and more extensively using a thermodynamic chemistry software, able to predict the. Density of molten salt in 285 units and reference information. Berkeley report ucbth03004 december 5, 2003 introduction the next generation nuclear plant ngnp will employ a 50 mwt intermediate. Dec 19, 2019 the material properties and microstructure of the ccsic composite with and without exposure in the molten chloride salt have been investigated through mechanical testing and analysis with. Molten salt heat transfer fluid sandia national laboratories. The thermal diffusivity is measured by the stepwise heating method. The operating segs1 plants currently use a high temperature synthetic oil consisting of a. Challenges related to the use of liquid metal and molten salt.
Novel molten salts thermal energy storage for concentrating. Measurement of thermophysical properties of molten salts. Molten salt heat transfer fluid sandia national laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by national technology and engineering solutions of sandia, llc. The molten salt used in this battery technology is molten sodium tetrachloroaluminate. Our analysis is devoted to i provide a theoretical characterization, both in the solid and liquid phases, of the thermostatic properties of nitrate molten salts. Jun 21, 2016 in this study, the effect of concentration of nanoparticles on the thermal storage properties of molten nitrate salt based nanofluids with graphene nanoplatelets gnps was investigated. Earth and environmental science, volume 93, conference 1. Fluid properties athena accesses salt thermodynamic properties through tables located in auxiliary files called tpfms1 for the first molten salt, tpfms2 for the second molten salt, and so forth. Department of metallurgical and materials engineering novel molten salts thermal energy storage for concentrating solar power generation funding organization.
Overview on use of a molten salt htf in a trough solar field. Already used for several industrial applications, technologies based on molten salts are foreseen as options for the future. Preliminary estimates on reductions in lec from the reference vp1 case wo storage are significant. Preparation and characterization of molten salt based.
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