However, it is considered as a slow form of remediation, as plants take. Environmental pollution affects the quality of pedosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. At the dawn of the year 2000 22, soil and water pollution was identified as one of the biggest problems for the health of human beings and their environment, and they claimed that the emerging plantbased remediation technology, phytoremediation, was one. The presence of toxic organics in the soil and surrounding water bodies constitutes potential threats to humans and the ecosystem. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. Phytoremediation is a technology using a process or plant vegetation to remove and restore the land or waters that have been contaminated by pollutants melethia et al. Huang plantbased remediation techniques are showing increasing promise for use in soils contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants.
Great efforts have been made in the last two decades to reduce pollution sources and remedy the polluted soil and water resources. Phytoremediation of soil and water contaminants acs. Broadly, phytoremediation can be costeffective for a large sites with shallow residuallevels of contamination. Phytoremediation is an emerging remediation technology that has promise as a means of treating contaminated ground and surface water and soils. Phytoremediation of soil contamination by hydrocarbon. United states environmental protection i agency office of research and development office of solid waste and emergency response epa540s01500 february 2001 vepa ground water issue qshs9 us epa office of researcn aid development phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites bruce e. The remediation of contaminated soil, groundwater, and surface water. Phytoremediation is also a potentially profitable technology as the resulting biomass can be used for heat and energy production in specialized facilities.
Phytoextraction and phytostabilization are the two techniques most useful for phytoremediation of metal and metalloid contaminated soils. Phytoremediation is the ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the contaminated soils and water bodies and to metabolize molecules in their tissues appears very promising method for removal of pollutants from the soil and water gurbisu and alkorta, 2003. No other method of arsenic remediation offers such great potential for recovering captured arsenic. Phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated soil by. Heavy metal hazardous waste water hyacinth heavy metal contamination brassica. Contaminants, phytoremediation, plant, pollution, water bodies, metals. It is best applied at sites with shallow contamination of organic, nutrient, or metal pollutants that are amenable to one of five applications. Soil pollution from the discharge of petroleum and its products is among the most extensive environmentally damaging pollution problem in the world today. Phytoremediation techniques in wastewater treatment. Petroleum contaminated soil does not appear to be toxic to plants or invertebrates.
Good soil lacks contaminants and provides trace minerals and key components for plant growth. Spatial distribution of flare sitesacid rain in niger delta. Broadly, phytoremediation can be costeffective for a large sites with shallow residuallevels of contamination by organic. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. High concentrations of contaminants roughly 5% or more. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at. The cleanup technology is defined as the use of green plants to remove, contain, or render harmless such environmental contaminants as heavy metals, trace elements, organic compounds, and radioactive compounds in soil or water. Heavy metal contamination results either from the direct water source or through biomagnification. Consequently, erosion of the spoil heaps by wind and water. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater. Technologies for cleaning up contaminated sites epa uses a variety of technologies to ensure contaminants are either removed from a site or treated so they no longer pose a threat to human health and the environment. Emerging and green technology for the uptake of 3 cadmium from the contaminated soil by plant species, international journal of environmental sciences,vol 4, 20. Best of all, their longterm growth provides effective protection against erosion and the spread of contaminated soil by wind and water.
This emerging technology uses green plants to remove organic pollutants, toxic heavy metals, or excess minerals from contaminated soil or water. Phytoremediation is an inexpensive technology compared with conventional methodology, funding for the restoration of contaminated soil 10 times cheaper or save. Phytoremediation of metalcontaminated soils springerlink. Phytoremediation is the direct use of living plants for in situ remediation of contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and ground water through contaminant removal, degradation, or containment. Out of the plant species that have shown efficient tnt uptake, there are only a few that can do so in a variety of environments, which is imperative in case of contaminants that are widespread,suchastntandrdx. However, the technologies for heavy metal contaminated soil has met mixed success because of. Phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil with axonopus compressus in the niger delta region of nigeria open access nr 61 figure 1. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. Pdf phytoremediation of contaminated waters to improve water quality. Phytoremediation uses plants to cleanup contaminated soil and groundwater, taking advantage of plants natural abilities to take up, accumulate, andor degrade constituents of their soil and water environments. Epas technology innovation office tio provided a grant through the national network for environmental management studies nnems to prepare a technology assessment report on the use of bioremediation and phytoremediation for the cleanup of pesticide contaminated sites. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated soils.
After that, bioremediation is started to efficiently clean the soil. It can be used to detoxify sites containing metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. Introduction to phytoremediation phytoremediation is a broad term that has been in use since 1991 to describe the use of plants to reduce the volume, mobility, or toxicity of contaminants in soil, groundwater, or other contaminated media mccutcheon 2003.
Phytoremediation of contaminated soils sciencedirect. Results of research and development into phytoremediation processes and techniques. Summary and outlook phytoremediation of petroleum contaminants phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils has been successfully tested in the field. Pdf phytoremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater. Development of profitable phytoremediation of contaminated. Ground water issue phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites national risk management research laboratory subsurface protection. First place student essay phytoremediation of contaminated soils. In this strategy, the owners of contaminated sites possibly cost nothing, but obtain income through selling. Pdf environmental pollution affects the quality of pedosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and.
Phytoremediation is a biological technology process that utilizes natural plant processes to enhance degradation and removal of contaminants in contaminated soil or groundwater. The impact of vegetation is related to the aging of the contaminants. Phytoremediation, the use of plants to remediate environmental media, is being pursued as a new approach for the cleanup of contaminated soils and waters, including groundwater. It is used of plants and trees to clean up polluted soil and water. Pdf phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground. At the experimental stage, bioremediation alone has been able to turn contaminated soil into soil. Role of phytoremediation in reducing cadmium toxicity in soil and. Remediation winter, 7785 baker a, brooks r 1989 terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate heavy elements. Assisting phytoremediation of heavy metals using chemical amendments. An evaluation of edible plant extracts for the phytoremediation of lead contaminated water 723. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals and. The soil is agitated in a purifying water solution containing interface active agent, then separated from the oils. The utilization of terrestrial, aquatic and semiaquatic plants to remediate contaminated soil or water is known as phytoremediation.
Phytoremediation is the best technique among other conventional methods to treat contaminated sites. As a result, plant molecular geneticists have introduced foreign genes into populars, over expressing sequestration genes, obtained, for example, from fungi, bacteria, and other plants. The rhizosphere of plants is a zone of active remediation. Pdf phytoremediation and bioremediation of pesticide. Phytoremediation applications for removing heavy metal. For example, phytoremediation will take longer where. Phytoremediation is the use of vegetation for in situ treatment of contaminated soils, sediments, and water.
Edenspace systems developed an arsenic phytoremediation technology, using edenfern, for in situtreatment of soils contaminated with cca. The bioremediation and phytoremediation of pesticide. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant characteristics. Soil phytoremediation is a technology using plants and their associated rhizospheric microorganisms to remove various pollutants from contaminated soils 5,8,14. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering. And many contaminants can be expensive and require a great deal of time to remove from toxic soil. Growing and, in some cases, harvesting plants on a contaminated site as a remediation method is an aesthetically.
Pdf ground water issue phytoremediation of contaminated. In this paper, with dis cussion of the characteristics, mechanisms and development of phytoremediation, we suggested a profitable phytore mediation strategy using biofuel crops for both utilization and remediation of contaminated soil. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites the purpose of this issue paper is to provide a concise discussion of the processes associated with the use of phytoremediation as a cleanup or containment technique for remediation of hazardous waste sites. Pdf phytoremediation of the metalloid selenium in soil and water. It grows fig better on low, wet soils than do other grasses. Phytoextraction has been widely studied, mainly due to the potential for high efficiency and possible economic value in metal recovery, energy production 3,23,24,48,50,51. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. This innovation has developed as a more practical, noninvasive, and freely satisfactory approach to address the expulsion. Bagga d, peterson s 2001 phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated soil as affected by the chelating agent edta and different levels of soil ph.
Due to increased contamination of soil by toxic metal components, it is. It is an inexpensive, environmentally safe technique that can remove cadmium cd from contaminated soil and water through different processes, such as phytoextraction, phytosequestration, and phytostimulation. Phytoremediation of tannery effluent by water hyacinth gjra, vol 4,2015. Assisting phytoremediation of heavy metals using chemical. Technologies for cleaning up contaminated sites us epa. Phytoremediation, being more costeffective and fewer side effects than physical and chemical approaches, has gained increasing popularity in. Pdf w links2109k add to acs chemworx sponsored access rhizosphere ecology. Phytoremediation 4 phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents,explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other.
Plants also take up contaminated water and remove pesticides from soil. Remediation of contaminated soils with green plants. Pivetz background the epa regional ground water forum is a. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. Introduction to phytoremediation contaminated site clean. Phy toremediation of contaminated soils is generally belie ved to be effective through one or more of the follow. Metal contamination can be carried with soil particles get carried away. Good soil will result when phytoremediation plants clean contaminated soil. Phytoremediation plants used to clean contaminated soil. However, there was no report about using vetiver grass for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with tce. The objective of this work is to put on view phytoremediation as a technological helpful alternative for cleaning contaminated soils. Phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil with. Phytoremediation is an emerging cleanup technology for contaminated soils, groundwater, and wastewater that is both lowtech and lowcost.
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